IBN SHUAIB

IBN SHUAIB
IBN SHUAIB

IBN SHUAIB JOSHUA (1re moitié XIVe s.)

Rabbin et kabbaliste espagnol de la première moitié du XIVe siècle. Joshua ibn Shuaib fut l’élève de Salomon ben Abraham Adret (le RaSHbA) et le maître de Mena ムem ben Aaron ibn Zera ム. Il vécut en Navarre, peut-être à Tudèle même. Il doit la notoriété à son œuvre Derashot , qui contient les sermons sur le Pentateuque qu’il donnait dans la synagogue locale (1re éd.: Constantinople, 1523; 2e éd.: Cracovie, 1573 — toutes deux très rares, mais l’édition de Cracovie a été reproduite: Jérusalem, 1969). Le livre est complété par des points de halakha, des sujets de kabbale et de morale; et ses nombreux épigrammes lui confèrent un charme particulier.

Ibn Shuaib montre une maîtrise complète des œuvres d’Ibn Gabirol, de Judah Halevi, d’Abraham ibn Ezra, de Maimonide et de Ba ムya ibn Paquda. Il était particulièrement bien versé dans la connaissance de la kabbale: il cite fréquemment tout au long de son œuvre le Sefer Yesira, le Sefer ha-Bahir, le Zohar, ainsi que les écrits du kabbaliste Ezra ben Salomon de Gérone et les passages kabbalistiques du commentaire biblique de Na ムmanide. Ibn Shuaib voit l’œuvre de ce dernier comme la synthèse idéale de la philosophie et de la kabbale, qui l’attiraient toutes deux particulièrement. Il utilise beaucoup aussi les deux Talmuds et le Midrash, et cite longuement les principales coutumes de Catalogne et de France.

L’intention majeure d’Ibn Shuaib dans ses sermons est de prêcher l’observance des préceptes et de mettre l’accent sur l’importance de la synagogue. Comme kabbaliste, Ibn Shuaib est connu par son travail de commentateur des passages kabbalistiques du commentaire de Na ムmanide. Cela lui valut de sévères critiques de la part de deux autres élèves de Salomon ben Abraham Adret, Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon et Isaac d’Acco, qui l’accusèrent d’avoir faussé et trahi le sens profond des écrits de Moïse ben Na ムman.

Encyclopédie Universelle. 2012.

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